Efficient LLM Deployment:
vLLM + Ray Serve + KubeRay + Kubernetes

📄 17 Slides
~25 min read
🎓 Advanced
vLLM KubeRay Ray Serve Kubernetes GPU PyTorch

A comprehensive architecture guide for production LLM serving. From GPU scheduling and model parallelism to observability and autoscaling — everything you need to deploy open-source LLMs at scale on Kubernetes.

2.2K
Tokens/s per H200
24x
Throughput vs naive
<100ms
Time to first token
95%+
GPU Utilization

Slide Preview

Slides 1–3

Architecture Stack

The 4-layer architecture: vLLM inference engine, Ray Serve orchestration, KubeRay operator, and Kubernetes foundation. How they fit together for production LLM serving.

vLLM
Ray Serve
KubeRay
Kubernetes
Slides 4–6

vLLM Deep Dive

PagedAttention, continuous batching, tensor parallelism. Broad model support (Llama 3.1, DeepSeek, Qwen, Pixtral VLM). PyTorch as hardware abstraction across NVIDIA, AMD, Intel, and TPU.

Slides 7–9

Ray Serve + KubeRay + K8s

Request routing with prefix-cache affinity, GPU-aware autoscaling, KubeRay CRDs (RayCluster, RayService, RayJob), and the Kubernetes GPU scheduling foundation.

Slide 10

Request Flow

End-to-end data flow from OpenAI-compatible client through K8s ingress, Ray Serve router, and vLLM engine. Prefill vs decode phase optimization.

Slides 11–12

Benchmarks + Deployment

Production performance numbers, comparison table (vLLM vs TGI vs TRT-LLM), and a complete RayService YAML manifest for Llama 3.1 on GKE.

Slides 13–17

Scaling + Observability + Future

Single-node TP vs multi-node PP patterns, unified Prometheus metrics stack, disaggregated serving, and the future of LLM infrastructure.

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What You'll Learn

vLLM Inference Engine

PagedAttention for near-zero KV cache waste, continuous batching for max GPU utilization, tensor and pipeline parallelism for multi-GPU/multi-node serving. Plus the simple Python API and OpenAI compatibility.

Model Ecosystem

Support for Llama 3.1 (8B–405B), DeepSeek R1/V3 with MoE, Qwen, Mistral, Gemma, Phi, and vision-language models like Pixtral 12B and Qwen2-VL. PyTorch-based hardware abstraction across NVIDIA, AMD, Intel, and Google TPU.

Ray Serve Orchestration

Autoscaling based on queue depth, prefix-cache-affinity routing, zero-downtime rolling updates, disaggregated prefill/decode, and wide expert parallelism for MoE models.

KubeRay Operator

Kubernetes-native CRDs (RayCluster, RayService, RayJob), declarative cluster provisioning, auto-healing, GPU-aware scheduling, and native integration with K8s secrets, ConfigMaps, and PVCs.

Production Deployment

Complete RayService YAML manifest, single-node tensor parallelism vs multi-node pipeline parallelism, data parallel replicas, and scaling from 1 GPU to 32+ GPUs across nodes.

Observability & Benchmarks

Unified Prometheus metrics from vLLM, Ray, and Kubernetes. TTFT, TPOT, KV cache utilization, and GPU metrics in Grafana. Performance comparison vs TGI and TRT-LLM.

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